Past Simple Tense – Rules and Examples – हिंदी में समझिए
अब हम शुरू करते हैं Past Simple Tense — एक ऐसा tense जो बीते हुए समय में पूरी हो चुकी क्रियाओं को व्यक्त करता है। इसे सीखना English grammar के लिए बहुत ज़रूरी है क्योंकि हम अक्सर अपने past (भूतकाल) की बातें करते हैं।
Past Simple Tense का प्रयोग हम उन actions को व्यक्त करने के लिए करते हैं जो भूतकाल में किसी निश्चित समय पर हुईं और पूरी हो गईं।
1. Definition (परिभाषा)
Past Simple Tense का प्रयोग उस क्रिया के लिए किया जाता है जो पहले (past में) किसी निश्चित समय पर हुई और समाप्त हो गई।
इसे हिंदी में “साधारण भूतकाल” कहा जाता है।
उदाहरण:
- I visited Jaipur last year.
- She watched a movie yesterday.
- They went to school in the morning.
2. Usage (कब और क्यों प्रयोग करते हैं?)
(a) किसी completed action के लिए जो past में हुई:
- He met me last night.
- I bought a new phone.
(b) एक के बाद एक हुए past actions को बताने के लिए:
- She got up, took a shower, and left for work.
(c) किसी habit या routine को express करने के लिए जो past में थी:
- We always played cricket in the evening.
- My grandfather smoked a pipe.
3. Structure (बनावट)
Past Simple Tense में हमेशा Verb का second form (V²) प्रयोग होता है।
(A) Affirmative Sentences (सकारात्मक वाक्य)
|
Structure |
Subject + V² (Past form of Verb) + Object |
Examples:
- I visited my grandmother last week.
- She cooked pasta last night.
- They danced at the party.
Note: Regular verbs में V² के लिए -ed जोड़ा जाता है।
जैसे: play → played, watch → watched
लेकिन कुछ verbs irregular होते हैं (go → went, eat → ate, etc.)
(B) Negative Sentences (नकारात्मक वाक्य)
|
Structure |
Subject + did not + Base Verb (V¹) + Object |
Examples:
- I did not go to school yesterday.
- He did not eat lunch.
- They did not watch the match.
Note: “Did not” के बाद हमेशा verb का base form (V¹) ही आता है, चाहे subject कोई भी हो।
(C) Interrogative Sentences (प्रश्नवाचक वाक्य)
|
Structure |
Did + Subject + Base Verb (V¹) + Object? |
Examples:
- Did you call her?
- Did he complete the task?
- Did they enjoy the movie?
4. Time Expressions (जो Past को दर्शाते हैं)
कुछ common समय बताने वाले शब्द जिनसे Past Simple Tense की पहचान होती है:
- yesterday, last night/week/year, two days ago, in 2020, when I was a child
Examples:
- She came here yesterday.
- We went to Paris in 2022.
- He visited me two days ago.
5. Irregular Verbs की एक झलक (कुछ common V² forms)
|
V¹ (Base Verb) |
V² (Past Simple) |
|
go |
went |
|
come |
came |
|
eat |
ate |
|
write |
wrote |
|
see |
saw |
|
take |
took |
इन verbs को regular practice से याद करना ज़रूरी है।
6. Practice करें (Translate कीजिए):
नीचे दिए गए वाक्यों को English में बदलिए:
- मैंने कल एक किताब खरीदी।
- वह स्कूल नहीं गया।
- क्या तुमने मुझे फोन किया था?
- हमने पार्टी का आनंद लिया।
- उसने पिज़्ज़ा खाया।
उत्तर:
- I bought a book yesterday.
- He did not go to school.
- Did you call me?
- We enjoyed the party.
- He ate pizza.
Conclusion (निष्कर्ष)
Past Simple Tense बहुत ही practical tense है जिसे हम हर दिन conversation में इस्तेमाल करते हैं। जब भी आपको अपने बीते कल के बारे में बात करनी हो — ये tense आपके काम आता है।
Tip: अपने कल के दिन की 5 activities को English में लिखिए और बोलिए। जैसे:
· I woke up at 6 AM.
· I made tea.
· I studied grammar.
· I went out.
· I slept at 11 PM.
🦊 The Fox Who Wanted to Fly
इस story में Simple Past Tense का इस्तेमाल किया गया है
Once in a quiet forest, there lived a clever fox named Felix.
One morning, Felix made a big decision.
He decided to build his own wings.
He ran to the old shed behind his den and looked for things he could use.
He found some feathers, sticks, glue, and string.
He worked all day until his paws hurt.
He glued the feathers to the sticks and tied them with the string.
At last, he held up two large, messy wings.
He climbed up the tallest hill in the forest.
He took a deep breath, closed his eyes, and jumped.
The wind rushed past his ears.
The wings flapped wildly.
But Felix did not fly.
He tumbled down the hill and landed in a pile of leaves.
“Ouch!” he said, rubbing his head.
Just then, his friend Bella the owl flew down.
“Are you okay, Felix?”
Felix nodded and smiled weakly.
“I wanted to fly like you,” he said.
Bella giggled and helped him up.
She looked at the wings and shook her head.
“You’re clever, Felix,” she said. “But flying takes more than feathers. Why don’t I teach you something else instead?”
Felix listened carefully.
He followed Bella through the trees to a tall oak tree.
She showed him how to glide from low branches.
They practiced jumping and balancing.
Felix improved a little each day.
One afternoon, while gliding from a small branch, Felix said, “I feel like I’m flying!”
Bella smiled and nodded.
They laughed together in the sun.
From that day on, Felix stopped building wings.
Instead, he explored the forest, climbed trees, and played with Bella.
He still loved to watch the birds fly, but he no longer felt sad.
He realized he didn’t need wings to feel free.
He just needed good friends and big dreams.