Past Tense - Types, Rules, and Examples
अब आइए Past Tense के बारे में जानते हैं।
Past Tense क्या है?
Past Tense वह Tense है जो यह बताता है कि कोई काम पहले हो चुका है, यानी बीते हुए समय में हुआ था।
Past Tense के 4 प्रकार होते हैं:
|
प्रकार (Type) |
हिंदी अर्थ |
|
1. Simple Past Tense |
साधारण भूतकाल |
|
2. Past Continuous Tense |
भूतकाल में चल रही क्रिया |
|
3. Past Perfect Tense |
भूतकाल में पूरा हुआ कार्य |
|
4. Past Perfect Continuous Tense |
भूतकाल में कुछ समय से चल रहा कार्य |
1. Simple Past Tense
कब प्रयोग होता है?
- जब कोई काम अतीत में हुआ और पूरा हो गया।
Structure:
Subject + V2 (Past form of verb) + object
Examples:
|
English Sentence |
हिंदी अनुवाद |
|
I went to school. |
मैं स्कूल गया। |
|
She ate an apple. |
उसने सेब खाया। |
|
They played cricket. |
उन्होंने क्रिकेट खेला। |
2. Past Continuous Tense
कब प्रयोग होता है?
- जब कोई काम बीते समय में चल रहा था।
Structure:
Subject + was/were + verb + ing + object
|
Subject |
Helping Verb |
Main Verb |
Object |
|
I/He/She/It |
was |
reading |
a book. |
|
We/You/They |
were |
playing |
cricket. |
Examples:
|
English Sentence |
हिंदी अनुवाद |
|
I was reading a book. |
मैं किताब पढ़ रहा था। |
|
She was playing tennis. |
वह टेनिस खेल रही थी। |
|
They were playing football. |
वे फुटबॉल खेल रहे थे। |
|
We were playing cricket. |
हम क्रिकेट खेल रहे थे। |
3. Past Perfect Tense
कब प्रयोग होता है?
- जब कोई काम अतीत में किसी अन्य काम से पहले पूरा हुआ हो।
Structure:
Subject + had + V3 (Past Participle) + object
Examples:
|
English Sentence |
हिंदी अनुवाद |
|
I had eaten my lunch. |
मैंने अपना खाना खा लिया था। |
|
She had gone to market before I came. |
मेरे आने से पहले वह बाजार जा चुकी थी। |
4. Past Perfect Continuous Tense
कब प्रयोग होता है?
- जब कोई काम भूतकाल में किसी समय से लगातार चल रहा था।
Structure:
Subject + had been + verb + ing + object + since/for + time
Examples:
|
English Sentence |
हिंदी अनुवाद |
|
I had been studying since morning. |
मैं सुबह से पढ़ रहा था। |
|
They had been living there for 5 years. |
वे वहाँ 5 साल से रह रहे थे। |
Key Notes:
- V1 = Base form of verb (go, eat, play)
- V2 = Past form (went, ate, played)
- V3 = Past participle (gone, eaten, played)
Story: Arjun and the Mango Tree
(All 4 Past Tenses are highlighted in bold and italic)
Arjun was a 12-year-old boy who lived in a small village in Maharashtra. He loved climbing trees, playing cricket, and eating mangoes. His favourite place was the big mango tree behind his house.
Every summer, that tree gave the juiciest mangoes. Arjun waited all year for mango season.
One hot morning in May, Arjun woke up early. He packed his small bag and ran outside. (Simple Past)
The sun was shining and birds were singing. (Past Continuous)
He smiled. It was a perfect day to pick mangoes. (Simple Past)
When he reached the tree, he saw something strange. All the mangoes were gone!
Arjun looked around and said, “Who has taken all the mangoes?”
His friend Sohan came running and said,
“I don’t know. I just came too.”
They both checked the tree and found one mango hanging on a high branch.
Arjun climbed up quickly. As he reached out, a strong wind blew, and the mango fell. (Simple Past)
Sohan caught it just in time!
While they were talking under the tree, Arjun’s grandfather arrived. (Past Continuous)
He laughed and said,
“I had picked most of the mangoes in the morning before sunrise!”
(Past Perfect)
Arjun was surprised. He had never seen his grandfather wake up so early before. (Past Perfect)
Grandfather explained,
“I had been planning to make mango pickle for a long time.” (Past Perfect Continuous)
Arjun and Sohan smiled. They were feeling both happy and hungry!
(Past Continuous)
Grandfather invited them into the kitchen.
By the time they reached, Grandmother had already cut the mangoes and mixed the spices. (Past Perfect)
The smell was amazing.
They sat down and helped her fill the pickle jars. (Simple Past)
While they were filling the jars, Arjun asked,
“Dadaji, how long had you been picking mangoes today?” (Past Perfect Continuous)
Grandfather laughed,
“I had been picking them for almost two hours before you woke up!”
(Past Perfect Continuous)
The boys were amazed.
That evening, Arjun wrote in his diary,
_“Today was a funny and tasty day. I learned how mango pickle is made, and I climbed my favourite tree again.” (Simple Past)
He smiled and went to bed, dreaming of mangoes, trees, and the next summer.
Tense Guide: Past Tenses in the Story
|
Past Tense Type |
Example from Story |
|
Simple Past |
He packed his small bag and ran outside. |
|
Past Continuous |
They were filling the jars. |
|
Past Perfect |
Grandmother had already cut the mangoes. |
|
Past Perfect Continuous |
He had been picking them for two hours. |
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