Present Perfect Tense – Rules and Examples — हिंदी में समझिए
Present Perfect Tense का प्रयोग उन कार्यों के लिए होता है जो अभी–अभी पूरे हुए हैं, या जिनका प्रभाव अभी वर्तमान में दिखाई दे रहा है।
1. Definition (परिभाषा)
Present Perfect Tense ऐसे actions को व्यक्त करता है जो:
- अभी–अभी पूरे हुए हैं,
- बीते हुए समय में कभी हुए हैं,
- या जिनका परिणाम अभी तक मौजूद है।
इसे हिंदी में “पूर्ण वर्तमान काल” कहते हैं।
उदाहरण:
- I have finished my homework.
- She has just left the office.
- We have visited Agra many times.
2. Usage (कब और क्यों प्रयोग करते हैं?)
Present Perfect Tense का प्रयोग निम्नलिखित परिस्थितियों में किया जाता है:
(a) अभी–अभी खत्म हुए actions के लिए:
- I have just eaten lunch.
- She has finished her work.
(b) Past actions जिनका असर present में है:
- I have lost my keys. (अब भी नहीं मिले)
- He has broken his leg. (अब भी टूटा है)
(c) Life experiences (अब तक के अनुभव):
- I have seen that movie before.
- They have never traveled by plane.
(d) Actions that happened multiple times till now:
- We have visited that temple three times.
- She has called you many times today.
3. Structure (बनावट)
Present Perfect Tense में “have / has” के साथ Verb का 3rd form (Past Participle) आता है।
(A) Affirmative Sentences (सकारात्मक वाक्य)
|
Structure |
Subject + have/has + V³ (past participle) + Object |
Examples:
- I have completed my project.
- He has sent the email.
- They have reached home.
Rule:
- I/You/We/They ➝ have
- He/She/It ➝ has
(B) Negative Sentences (नकारात्मक वाक्य)
|
Structure |
Subject + have/has + not + V³ + Object |
Examples:
- I have not received the message.
- She has not cooked dinner.
- They have not come yet.
(C) Interrogative Sentences (प्रश्नवाचक वाक्य)
|
Structure |
Have/Has + Subject + V³ + Object? |
Examples:
- Have you completed the assignment?
- Has he reached the station?
- Have they seen the movie?
4. Keywords से पहचानिए Present Perfect Tense:
कुछ सामान्य संकेतक शब्द जो इस tense में दिखते हैं:
- just, already, yet, ever, never, recently, lately, so far, till now, today
Examples:
- I have just arrived.
- She has already left.
- Have you ever tried sushi?
- They haven’t replied yet.
5. Practice करें (Translate कीजिए):
इन हिंदी वाक्यों को English में बदलिए:
- मैंने अपना होमवर्क पूरा कर लिया है।
- वह अभी–अभी निकली है।
- क्या तुमने कभी ताजमहल देखा है?
- हम आज ऑफिस नहीं गए हैं।
- उसने अभी तक जवाब नहीं दिया है।
उत्तर:
- I have completed my homework.
- She has just left.
- Have you ever seen the Taj Mahal?
- We have not gone to the office today.
- He has not replied yet.
Conclusion (निष्कर्ष)
Present Perfect Tense English में बहुत उपयोगी है क्योंकि यह past और present के बीच का bridge बनाता है। यह tense बताता है कि काम हो चुका है, लेकिन उसका असर अब भी है।
Tip: रोज़मर्रा के अनुभवों और अभी–अभी हुई बातों को English में Present Perfect Tense में बोलने की practice करें।
Story: Riya and the Missing Cat
(Present Perfect Tense Highlighted)
Riya is a ten-year-old girl who lives in a small village in India. She loves animals, especially her pet cat, Mimi. Mimi is white with a little black spot on her nose. Riya has always taken care of Mimi.
One morning, Riya wakes up and notices that Mimi is not in her basket.
“Mama, have you seen Mimi?” she asks.
“No, beta. I haven’t seen her since last night,” her mother replies.
Riya starts looking everywhere. She checks under the bed, behind the sofa, and even in the kitchen. But Mimi is not there.
“I have looked in every corner of the house,” Riya says sadly.
Her brother, Aarav, joins her. “We have not checked the garden yet,” he says.
Together, they go to the garden. They call, “Mimi! Mimi!” but there is no sound.
“I have called her many times,” Riya says. “She always comes when I call her.”
Aarav points to the gate. “Look, the gate has been left open!”
“Oh no! Mimi has never gone outside before,” Riya cries.
They quickly run to the street. Riya asks the neighbors, “Have you seen a white cat with a black spot on her nose?”
The old uncle next door says, “Yes, I have seen a cat like that. She was near the temple in the morning.”
Riya and Aarav run towards the temple. On the way, Riya says, “I have prayed to God many times, but I’ve never asked for something so important.”
When they reach the temple, they look around. A soft meow comes from behind the tree.
“Mimi!” Riya shouts with joy. She runs and picks her up. “I’m so happy to see you! I have missed you so much.”
Mimi purrs and licks Riya’s cheek.
“We have found her!” Aarav smiles.
They return home. Their mother says, “You both have done a great job. I’m proud of you!”
Riya gives Mimi some milk and pats her gently.
That night, Riya writes in her diary, “Today has been a very big day. I have learned that Mimi is not just a cat—she is my best friend.”
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